Paredes-Paredes Mercedes, Flores-Figueroa Jose, Dupont Herbert L
University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Hermann Pressler Dr., Houston, TX, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2011 Oct;13(5):402-7. doi: 10.1007/s11894-011-0208-6.
Diarrhea is the most common complaint reported by travelers from industrialized countries visiting developing nations. High-risk areas for travelers' diarrhea (TD) include South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, while moderate-risk areas include Southeast Asia, Middle East, Oceania and the Caribbean. Bacterial pathogens are the major cause of TD. Recent advances in the therapy for diarrhea include a better understanding of the potential benefit of symptomatic and antimicrobial therapy. The mainstay of treatment includes antibacterial therapy with one of three drugs, a fluoroquinolone, rifaximin, or azithromycin. Probiotics have been used in preliminary studies for both treatment and prevention of TD, but more studies are needed with these biologic agents. The aim of this review is to identify the recent advances in the therapy of TD and to provide recommendations for treatment during international travel.
腹泻是来自工业化国家前往发展中国家的旅行者报告的最常见病症。旅行者腹泻（TD）的高风险地区包括南亚、撒哈拉以南非洲和拉丁美洲，而中度风险地区包括东南亚、中东、大洋洲和加勒比地区。细菌病原体是TD的主要病因。腹泻治疗的最新进展包括对对症治疗和抗菌治疗潜在益处的更好理解。治疗的主要方法包括使用三种药物之一进行抗菌治疗，这三种药物分别是氟喹诺酮类、利福昔明或阿奇霉素。益生菌已在TD治疗和预防的初步研究中使用，但对这些生物制剂还需要更多研究。本综述的目的是确定TD治疗的最新进展，并为国际旅行期间的治疗提供建议。
