Mainland Ingrid, Halstead Paul
Arctic Anthropol. 2005;42(1):103-20. doi: 10.1353/arc.2011.0060.
Insight into the relative importance of sheep and goat herding and of the economic significance of each species (i.e., milk vs. meat vs. wool) in Medieval Greenland is obtained through the application of Halstead et al.'s (2002) criteria for the identification of adult ovicaprine mandibles to faunal assemblages from three Norse farmsteads: Sandnes, V52a, and Ø71S. The economic strategies identified are broadly comparable between the two species and the Eastern and Western Settlement sites examined, and are suggestive of the subsistence production of meat and milk. Comparison with farmsteads elsewhere in Greenland indicates that socio-economic status and/or farmstead size interacted with geographical location in determining the economic strategies employed by the Norse farmers. A broader use of resources and a more varied diet are evident at larger farmsteads in Greenland and this paper suggests that such sites would have been better able than their smaller counterparts to withstand environmental deterioration during the early Middle Ages. These analyses have also confirmed that goats were relatively more common in Norse sites in Greenland than in Norse sites in Iceland, Orkney, or Shetland.
通过应用哈尔斯特德等人（2002年）鉴定成年羊科动物下颌骨的标准，对来自三个挪威农场（桑德内斯、V52a和Ø71S）的动物群落进行分析，从而深入了解中世纪格陵兰岛绵羊和山羊放牧的相对重要性以及每个物种的经济意义（即产奶、产肉和产毛）。所确定的经济策略在这两个物种以及所考察的东部和西部定居点之间大致可比，表明当时存在肉奶自给生产。与格陵兰岛其他地方的农场相比，这表明社会经济地位和/或农场规模在决定挪威农民采用的经济策略时与地理位置相互作用。在格陵兰岛较大的农场可以明显看出资源利用更广泛、饮食更多样化，本文认为，在中世纪早期，这些大农场比小农场更有能力抵御环境恶化。这些分析还证实，山羊在格陵兰岛挪威人定居点相对比在冰岛、奥克尼或设得兰群岛的挪威人定居点更为常见。
