Infection Control Program, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2011 Oct;11(5):446-52. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.06.011. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
This review presents recent evidence regarding the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy mediated by collateral damage to commensal flora. Two major drivers have characterized recent research in this field: new perspectives into human microbiota afforded by next-generation DNA sequencing techniques and ongoing attention to antimicrobial resistance. New molecular techniques have illustrated that antibiotic therapy can disturb human microbiota, and that these changes are associated with infection. Concurrently, epidemiologic studies using patient-level data offer new insights into the role of antibiotics in the emergence, selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance, and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
本综述介绍了最近关于抗生素治疗对共生菌群产生附带损害而导致不良影响的证据。有两个主要因素推动了该领域的研究进展：一是下一代 DNA 测序技术为人类微生物组提供了新视角，二是人们持续关注抗生素耐药性问题。新的分子技术表明，抗生素治疗会扰乱人体微生物组，并且这些变化与感染有关。与此同时，使用患者水平数据的流行病学研究为抗生素在抗生素耐药性的出现、选择和传播以及艰难梭菌感染（CDI）中的作用提供了新的认识。
