Gradient Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Dec;4(3-4):229-34. doi: 10.1016/s1382-6689(97)10015-1.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the use of information on susceptibility or variability in risk assessment. Are we using it well? Are we not using it well or not at all? And finally, what can we do to improve the use of information on variability in risk assessment? The presentation is organized using the risk assessment paradigm developed by the National Research Council in 1983 (National Research Council, 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.) which conceptualized risk assessment as consisting of four phases: hazard identification, dose response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Because risk assessment procedures differentiate cancer risk from risk for systemic toxicity (i.e. non-cancer), cancer and noncancer risk assessment are discussed separately.
本文旨在评估在风险评估中使用易感性或变异性信息的情况。我们是否使用得好？我们是否根本没有使用或使用得不好？最后，我们可以采取哪些措施来改进风险评估中变异性信息的使用？本报告采用 1983 年美国国家研究理事会（National Research Council）制定的风险评估范式进行组织（National Research Council，1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.），该范式将风险评估概念化为由四个阶段组成：危害识别、剂量反应评估、暴露评估和风险特征描述。由于风险评估程序将癌症风险与全身毒性（即非癌症）风险区分开来，因此分别讨论癌症和非癌症风险评估。
