Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;11(3-4):251-8. doi: 10.1016/s1382-6689(01)00118-1.
Antioxidants are used on a very large scale to try to obtain and preserve optimal health. Nutraceuticals and food supplements frequently contain huge dosages of antioxidants. It is not generally recognised that high intake of antioxidants may also have adverse effects. Three antioxidants i.e. vitamin E, β-carotene and lipoic acid are used to illustrate general considerations on the toxicity of antioxidants. Based on the examples the following recommendations for the evaluation of the toxicity of antioxidants are made: (i) classical safety factors should not be used. (ii) Knowledge on the mechanism of the efficacy and toxicity of antioxidants should be increased. (iii) Bio-kinetic/bio-efficacy modelling might be of help to optimise dosage. (iv) When antioxidant supplementation changes into therapy, a more accurate risk/benefit analyses is warranted.
抗氧化剂被大规模地用于获取和保持最佳健康。营养保健品和食品补充剂经常含有大量的抗氧化剂。人们通常没有认识到，高剂量的抗氧化剂也可能有不良影响。本文使用三种抗氧化剂，即维生素 E、β-胡萝卜素和硫辛酸来说明抗氧化剂毒性的一般考虑因素。基于这些例子，本文提出了以下关于抗氧化剂毒性评估的建议：（i）不应使用经典的安全系数。（ii）应增加对抗氧化剂功效和毒性机制的认识。（iii）生物动力学/生物效能建模可能有助于优化剂量。（iv）当抗氧化剂补充转变为治疗时，需要更准确的风险/效益分析。
