UMR anthropologie bioculturelle, secteur Nord, université de la Méditerranée-CNRS-EFS, Marseille cedex, France.
C R Biol. 2011 Jul;334(7):497-504. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2011.03.007. Epub 2011 Apr 30.
The last two decades have seen numerous debates in the field of the initial settlement of America and noteworthy was the disagreement between physical and molecular anthropologists. Recently, it has been pointed out that this discordance could partly originate from the description methods and classification labels used in craniometry, which did not account fairly for the within-sample and within-group variance. From there, a federative model for the initial peopling of America has been designed which could now explain the biological variability found at both the craniofacial and genetic level. This is a major step in the study of the initial settlement of America, which deserved to be highlighted. The present paper recalls the two conflicting models that prevailed for the last 20 years of anthropological studies in America before browsing the newly accepted hypothesis about the origin of the first Amerindians as seen by its authors. Lastly, the article evokes some areas of investigations, which could furnish significant fallouts about the dynamics of the peopling of Americas in the future.
在美洲最初的定居点领域，过去二十年里出现了众多争论，而引人注目的是体质人类学家和分子人类学家之间的分歧。最近，人们指出，这种不和谐可能部分源于头测量学中使用的描述方法和分类标签，这些方法并没有公平地考虑到样本内和组内的差异。由此，人们设计了一个美洲最初定居的联邦模式，该模式现在可以解释在头面部和基因水平上发现的生物变异性。这是美洲最初定居研究中的一个重大步骤，值得强调。本文回顾了过去 20 年美国人类学研究中流行的两种相互冲突的模型，然后浏览了作者对第一批美洲原住民起源的新接受的假设。最后，文章还提到了一些未来可能会对美洲人类定居动态产生重要影响的研究领域。
