Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2011 Oct;26(10):533-40. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.06.002. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
Provisioning of juveniles is a defining characteristic of human life history. Human children are also unusual in cooperating with their siblings, mothers and other adults in the exchange of resources and labor. This article highlights this distinctly human and twofold nature of juvenility within the context of life history evolution and cooperative breeding. Juveniles benefit from continued investment and from helping to support their siblings during a life stage when they cannot contribute to their own reproduction. Rather than juvenile dependence signifying a costly extension of parental care, juvenile provisioning and help are suggested to develop in tandem with the broader pattern of food sharing and division of labor that characterizes human subsistence and sociality.
为青少年提供资源是人类生命史的一个重要特征。人类儿童还具有独特的特点，他们会与兄弟姐妹、母亲和其他成年人合作，交换资源和劳动。本文在生命史进化和合作繁殖的背景下，强调了青少年期这种独特的双重性质。青少年受益于持续的投资，并且在他们无法为自己的繁殖做出贡献的生命阶段，帮助支持他们的兄弟姐妹。青少年的供养和帮助不是父母照顾的昂贵延伸，而是与人类生存和社会性的特征之一，即食物共享和劳动分工的更广泛模式同时发展。
