Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, USA.
Acad Med. 2011 Sep;86(9):1163-70. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318226b5dc.
Standardized patients (SPs), now a mainstay of the undergraduate medical education experience, are beginning to play larger roles in helping students build competencies to better serve patients who have disabilities, in educating students about the lived experiences of persons with disabilities, and in testing students' understanding of disability-related issues. In this article, the authors discuss several U.S. training programs that involve SPs who have disabilities or SPs who do not have disabilities but who portray patients who do. The authors review the goals of each program (e.g., to provide students with opportunities to gain experience with patients with disabilities), describe their commonalities (enhancing students' interview skills) and differences (some programs are educational; some are evaluative), and summarize the evaluative data of each. The authors also explore the benefits and challenges of working with SPs with disabilities and of working with SPs without disabilities. Finally, they consider the practical issues (e.g., recruiting SPs) of developing and implementing such programs.
标准化病人（SPs）目前已成为本科医学教育体验的主要组成部分，它们开始在帮助学生培养为残疾患者提供更好服务的能力、教育学生了解残疾人士的生活经历以及测试学生对残疾相关问题的理解方面发挥更大的作用。在本文中，作者讨论了几个涉及残疾 SP 或不具有残疾但扮演残疾患者的 SP 的美国培训计划。作者回顾了每个计划的目标（例如，为学生提供与残疾患者打交道的机会），描述了它们的共同点（增强学生的访谈技巧）和不同点（一些计划具有教育性，而另一些则具有评估性），并总结了每个计划的评估数据。作者还探讨了与残疾 SP 合作以及与非残疾 SP 合作的优势和挑战。最后，他们考虑了开发和实施此类计划的实际问题（例如，招募 SP）。
