Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université de Bordeaux et CNRS-UMR 5287, avenue des Facultés, 4ème étage Est, 33405 Talence, France.
Neural Plast. 2011;2011:905624. doi: 10.1155/2011/905624. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting on Cl(-)-permeable ionotropic type A (GABA(A)) receptors (GABA(A)R) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult central nervous system of vertebrates. In immature brain structures, GABA exerts depolarizing effects mostly contributing to the expression of spontaneous activities that are instructive for the construction of neural networks but GABA also acts as a potent trophic factor. In the present paper, we concentrate on brainstem and spinal motoneurons that are largely targeted by GABAergic interneurons, and we bring together data on the switch from excitatory to inhibitory effects of GABA, on the maturation of the GABAergic system and GABA(A)R subunits. We finally discuss the role of GABA and its GABA(A)R in immature hypoglossal motoneurons of the spastic (SPA) mouse, a model of human hyperekplexic syndrome.
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）作用于氯离子通透性离子型 A（GABA(A)) 受体（GABA(A)R）是脊椎动物成年中枢神经系统中的主要抑制性神经递质。在未成熟的脑结构中，GABA 主要发挥去极化作用，有助于表达自发活动，这些活动对神经网络的构建具有指导意义，但 GABA 也作为一种有效的营养因子发挥作用。在本文中，我们集中研究脑干和脊髓运动神经元，它们主要受到 GABA 能中间神经元的靶向作用，我们汇集了关于 GABA 从兴奋性到抑制性作用的转变、GABA 能系统和 GABA(A)R 亚基的成熟的数据。最后，我们讨论了 GABA 和其 GABA(A)R 在痉挛（SPA）小鼠舌下运动神经元中的作用，SPA 小鼠是人类强肌阵挛性癫痫综合征的模型。
