Mellado Miguel, Véliz Francisco G, García José E, De Santiago Ángeles
Department of Animal Nutrition, Agrarian Autonomous University Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, 25315, Mexico.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2012 Mar;44(3):389-94. doi: 10.1007/s11250-011-9932-z. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
Data from 82 kiddings from mixed-breed (native x dairy goats) goats reared on rangeland (n = 47) or confinement (n = 35) were used to determine the influence of various factors on length of labour, standing of newborn kids and time to first suckling in pluriparous goats. Both groups were mated at the same time to bucks of the same genotype in February. During the kidding time in July, the goats were monitored for 24 h in order to register parturition traits and kid birth weight and body measurements. For all goats, blood samples were collected at parturition in order to establish the nutritional state of goats. Grazing goats had lower body weight and body condition score (P < 0.01) than pen-fed goats, as well as lower values for some blood metabolites indicative of low body energy reserves. For both grazing and pen-fed goats, the majority of kiddings (>93%) occurred during daylight hours. No kiddings were registered from 2300 to 0500 hours. No effects of height at withers, thoracic circumference and sex of kids at birth were found to influence length of labour. Labour was shorter (P < 0.01) for pen-fed does than grazing goats (10.6 ± 1.18 min vs. 15.4 ± 1.2 min; mean ± SD). The length of parturition was considerably longer (P < 0.05) for twin-bearing does than for single-bearing does (16.6 ± 1.76 min vs. 11.2 ± 0.81 min, respectively). The interval between parturition and standing of kids was shorter (P < 0.05) for kids from litters weighing >3.3 kg (entire litter) than kids from litters with <3.3 kg (22.7 ± 1.82 min vs. 31.1 ± 2.76 min). Time to first suckling was longer (P < 0.05) for kids delivered from pen-fed does than kids from grazing does (57.8 ± 7.57 min vs. 42.9 ± 3.05 min). These results confirm that, independently of type of production system (intensive or extensive), kiddings of does are concentrated during daylight hours. These results also indicate that conformation of kids does not alter duration of labour, and that nutritional stress of goats during gestation (extensive conditions) does not interfere with the neonate's level of alertness and arousal.
来自82次多胎杂种山羊（本地山羊×奶山羊）产羔的数据被用于确定各种因素对多胎山羊产程长度、新生羔羊站立时间和首次吮乳时间的影响。这两组山羊于2月同时与相同基因型的公羊交配。在7月产羔期间，对山羊进行24小时监测，以记录分娩特征、羔羊出生体重和身体测量数据。对所有山羊，在分娩时采集血样，以确定山羊的营养状况。放牧山羊的体重和体况评分低于舍饲山羊（P<0.01），一些表明身体能量储备低的血液代谢物的值也较低。对于放牧和舍饲山羊，大多数产羔（>93%）发生在白天。在23:00至05:00期间未记录到产羔。未发现出生时羔羊的肩高、胸围和性别对产程长度有影响。舍饲母羊的产程比放牧山羊短（P<0.01）（10.6±1.18分钟对15.4±1.2分钟；平均值±标准差）。双羔母羊的分娩时间比单羔母羊长得多（P<0.05）（分别为16.6±1.76分钟对11.2±0.81分钟）。出生时体重>3.3千克（整窝）的羔羊，其出生与站立之间的间隔比体重<3.3千克的羔羊短（P<0.05）（22.7±1.82分钟对31.1±2.76分钟）。舍饲母羊所产羔羊的首次吮乳时间比放牧母羊所产羔羊长（P<0.05）（57.8±7.57分钟对42.9±3.05分钟）。这些结果证实，无论生产系统类型（集约化或粗放型）如何，母羊的产羔都集中在白天。这些结果还表明，羔羊的体型不会改变产程持续时间，并且妊娠期山羊的营养应激（粗放条件）不会干扰新生儿的警觉性和觉醒水平。
