Fizikova A Iu
Tsitologiia. 2011;53(5):383-91.
The review is devoted to the main mechanisms of mitochondria inheritance in yeast Saccharonmyces cerevisiae. The genetic mechanisms of functionally active mitochondria inheritance in eukaryotic cells is one of the most relevant in modem researches. A great number of genetic diseases are associated with mitochondria dysfunction. Plasticity of eukaryotic cell metabolism according to the environmental changes is ensured by adequate mitochondria functioning by means of ATP synthesis coordination, reactive oxygen species accumulation, apoptosis regulation and is an important factor of cell adaptation to stress. Mitochondria participation in important for cell vitality processes masters the presence of accurate mechanisms of mitochondria functions regulation according to environment fluctuations. The mechanisms of mitochondria division and distribution are highly conserved. Baker yeast S. cerevisiae is an ideal model object for mitochondria researches due to energetic metabolism lability, ability to switch over respiration to fermentation, and petite-positive phenotype. Correction of metabolism according to the environmental changes is necessary for cell vitality. The influence of respiratory, carbon, amino acid and phosphate metabolism on mitochondria functions was shown. As far as the mechanisms that stabilize functions of mitochondria and mtDNA are highly conserve, we can project yeast regularities on higher eukaryotes systems. This makes it possible to approximate understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of a great number of human diseases.
这篇综述致力于探讨酿酒酵母中线粒体遗传的主要机制。真核细胞中功能活跃的线粒体遗传的遗传机制是现代研究中最相关的领域之一。大量的遗传疾病与线粒体功能障碍有关。真核细胞代谢根据环境变化的可塑性是通过线粒体通过ATP合成协调、活性氧积累、凋亡调节的充分功能来确保的，并且是细胞适应应激的重要因素。线粒体参与对细胞活力至关重要的过程，这掌握了根据环境波动精确调节线粒体功能的机制。线粒体的分裂和分布机制高度保守。面包酵母酿酒酵母由于能量代谢不稳定、能够将呼吸转换为发酵以及小菌落阳性表型，是线粒体研究的理想模型对象。根据环境变化校正代谢对细胞活力是必要的。研究表明了呼吸、碳、氨基酸和磷酸盐代谢对线粒体功能的影响。由于稳定线粒体和线粒体DNA功能的机制高度保守，我们可以将酵母的规律应用于高等真核生物系统。这使得有可能近似地理解大量人类疾病的病因和发病机制。
