Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Oct;79(5):600-12. doi: 10.1037/a0024631.
Suicidal members of the U.S. military often fail to disclose their suicidal urges and behaviors. Military suicide prevention efforts may therefore be enhanced if they also target less stigmatized psychosocial factors that may decrease risk of suicidality. In keeping with Bronfenbrenner's (1977, 1994) model, this study simultaneously examined 4 ecological levels (i.e., individual, family, workplace, and community) of factors variously associated with increased or decreased risk for suicidal ideation.
Active-duty U.S. Air Force members (N = 52,780; 79.3% male; 79.2% non-Hispanic White; mean age = 31.78 years, SD = 7.38) completed the 2006 Community Assessment survey (a biennial, anonymous survey conducted at 82 U.S. Air Force bases worldwide), including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (2008) 5-item measure of past-year suicidality along with scales assessing an array of potential predictors.
The 1-year rate of suicidal ideation, defined as (a) more than rarely thinking about suicide or (b) ever seriously considering suicide, was approximately 4%. In multivariate models, for men and women, individual- (depressive symptoms and alcohol problems), family- (relationship satisfaction and intimate partner victimization), workplace- (hours worked), and community-level (social support) variables were retained in the final model. However, some sex differences in retained predictors were noted (e.g., men: dissatisfaction with the U.S. Air Force way of life; women: workplace relationship satisfaction and financial stressors).
Addressing depressive symptoms and alcohol use, facilitating healthy relationship functioning, and increasing job satisfaction and social support may aid military suicide prevention efforts. These findings illustrate the importance of attending to multiple levels of potential influence when designing integrated suicide prevention and intervention programs.
美国军队中的自杀成员经常未能透露他们的自杀冲动和行为。如果军队的自杀预防工作也针对减少自杀风险的较少污名化的社会心理因素，那么这些工作可能会得到加强。根据 Bronfenbrenner（1977，1994）的模型，本研究同时考察了与自杀意念风险增加或降低相关的 4 个生态层次（即个人、家庭、工作场所和社区）的因素。
美国空军现役成员（N=52780；79.3%为男性；79.2%为非西班牙裔白人；平均年龄=31.78 岁，SD=7.38）完成了 2006 年社区评估调查（一项两年一次的匿名调查，在全球 82 个美国空军基地进行），包括疾病控制和预防中心（2008 年）的过去一年自杀意念的 5 项测量以及评估一系列潜在预测因素的量表。
自杀意念的 1 年发生率定义为（a）经常思考自杀或（b）曾认真考虑过自杀，约为 4%。在多变量模型中，对于男性和女性，个人（抑郁症状和酒精问题）、家庭（关系满意度和亲密伴侣受害）、工作场所（工作时间）和社区（社会支持）变量在最终模型中保留。然而，在保留的预测因素中注意到了一些性别差异（例如，男性：对美国空军生活方式的不满；女性：工作场所关系满意度和财务压力）。
解决抑郁症状和酒精使用问题，促进健康的关系功能，提高工作满意度和社会支持可能有助于军队的自杀预防工作。这些发现说明了在设计综合自杀预防和干预计划时，关注潜在影响的多个层次的重要性。
