School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD4072, Australia.
Emotion. 2012 Feb;12(1):69-80. doi: 10.1037/a0024755. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
Our perception of how others expect us to feel has significant implications for our emotional functioning. Across 4 studies the authors demonstrate that when people think others expect them not to feel negative emotions (i.e., sadness) they experience more negative emotion and reduced well-being. The authors show that perceived social expectancies predict these differences in emotion and well-being both more consistently than-and independently of-personal expectancies and that they do so by promoting negative self-evaluation when experiencing negative emotion. We find evidence for these effects within Australia (Studies 1 and 2) as well as Japan (Study 2), although the effects of social expectancies are especially evident in the former (Studies 1 and 2). We also find experimental evidence for the causal role of social expectancies in negative emotional responses to negative emotional events (Studies 3 and 4). In short, when people perceive that others think they should feel happy, and not sad, this leads them to feel sad more frequently and intensely.
我们对他人期望我们感受的看法对我们的情绪功能有重大影响。在 4 项研究中，作者证明了当人们认为他人期望他们不要感到负面情绪（即悲伤）时，他们会体验到更多的负面情绪和降低的幸福感。作者表明，感知到的社会期望比个人期望更一致且独立地预测了这些情绪和幸福感的差异，并且当他们体验到负面情绪时，这种期望会促进负面的自我评价。我们在澳大利亚（研究 1 和 2）和日本（研究 2）都发现了这些影响的证据，尽管社会期望的影响在前者（研究 1 和 2）中尤为明显。我们还通过研究 3 和研究 4 提供了实验证据，证明了社会期望在对负面情绪事件的负面情绪反应中的因果作用。简而言之，当人们认为别人认为他们应该快乐而不是悲伤时，这会导致他们更频繁、更强烈地感到悲伤。
