Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2013 Sep;31(Pt 3):349-62. doi: 10.1111/bjdp.12012. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
The study investigated adolescents' moral emotion expectancies for actions versus inactions across cultures (Chinese vs. Canadian) and different moral rule contexts (rules that prohibit antisocial behaviour vs. rules that prescribe prosocial actions) while controlling for judgements of obligatoriness of moral actions. The sample consisted of 372 teenagers from three grade levels (7-8, 10-11, and 1st-2nd year university). Participants were provided with scenarios depicting moral and immoral actions of self or others. Moral emotion expectancies were assessed following each scenario by asking participants to rate the intensity of various emotions they anticipate for themselves in the given situation. Actions were related to stronger self-evaluative and other-evaluative moral emotion expectancies than inactions in both cultures. Whereas perceived obligatoriness of moral actions was associated with moral emotion expectancies, it did not account for the actor effect. Moreover, Chinese adolescents tended to report stronger negatively charged other-evaluative emotions when observing others engaging in antisocial behaviour and less positive emotions for moral actions. Overall, the study indicates that moral emotion expectancies hinge upon universal moral principles (as exemplified by the actor effect) that interact with cultural values and individuals' moral judgement in complex ways.
该研究调查了不同文化（中国与加拿大）和不同道德规则背景（禁止反社会行为的规则与规定亲社会行为的规则）下，青少年对行动与不作为的道德情绪预期，同时控制了对道德行为义务性的判断。样本包括来自三个年级（7-8 岁、10-11 岁和大学 1-2 年级）的 372 名青少年。参与者提供了描述自己或他人道德和不道德行为的情景。在每个情景之后，通过要求参与者对他们在给定情景中预期的各种情绪的强度进行评分，评估道德情绪预期。在两种文化中，行动比不作为与更强的自我评估和他人评估的道德情绪预期相关。虽然感知到的道德行为的义务性与道德情绪预期相关，但它并没有解释行为者效应。此外，中国青少年在观察他人从事反社会行为时，往往会报告更强烈的负面他人评价情绪，而对道德行为的积极情绪较少。总的来说，该研究表明，道德情绪预期取决于普遍的道德原则（如行为者效应所示），这些原则以复杂的方式与文化价值观和个人的道德判断相互作用。
