Harris Justin A, Carpenter Joanne S
School of Psychology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2011 Oct;37(4):375-84. doi: 10.1037/a0024554.
Four experiments used delay conditioning of magazine approach in rats to investigate the relationship between the rate of responding, R, to a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the rate, r, at which the CS is reinforced with the unconditioned stimulus (US). Rats were concurrently trained with four variable-duration CSs with different rs, either as a result of differences in the mean CS-US interval or in the proportion of CS presentations that ended with the US. In each case, R was systematically related to r, and the relationship was very accurately characterized by a hyperbolic function, R = Ar/(r +c). Accordingly, the reciprocal of these two variables-response interval, I (= 1/R), and CS-US interval, i (= 1/r) - were related by a simple affine (straight line) transformation, I = mi+b. This latter relationship shows that each increment in the time that the rats had to wait for food produced a linear increment in the time they waited between magazine entries. We discuss the close agreement between our findings and the Matching Law (Herrnstein, 1970) and consider their implications for both associative theories (e.g., Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) and nonassociative theories (Gallistel & Gibbon, 2000) of conditioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved).
四项实验采用大鼠食物盘接近行为的延迟条件作用，以研究对条件刺激（CS）的反应速率R与条件刺激由非条件刺激（US）强化的速率r之间的关系。大鼠同时接受四种不同持续时间且r不同的条件刺激训练，这要么是由于平均条件刺激-非条件刺激间隔不同，要么是由于以非条件刺激结束的条件刺激呈现比例不同。在每种情况下，R都与r系统相关，并且这种关系可以用双曲线函数R = Ar/(r + c)非常准确地描述。因此，这两个变量的倒数——反应间隔I（= 1/R）和条件刺激-非条件刺激间隔i（= 1/r）——通过简单的仿射（直线）变换I = mi + b相关联。后一种关系表明，大鼠等待食物的时间每增加一次，它们在进入食物盘之间等待的时间就会线性增加。我们讨论了我们的发现与匹配定律（赫尔斯坦，1970）之间的密切一致性，并考虑了它们对条件作用的联想理论（例如，雷斯克拉和瓦格纳，1972）和非联想理论（加利斯泰尔和吉本，2000）的影响。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2011美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
