Conceptual differences between prevention and health promotion: research implications for community health programs.

We review recent publications on the concepts of health promotion and prevention. These concepts are based on various paradigms which are defined here. A brief history of the evolution in the meaning of health is presented. Attention is turned to the research implications of the new trend of public health programs which focus on health promotion. In Canada, Achieving Health for All: a framework for health promotion is under examination in order to establish objectives and strategies for the development of health promotion programs. However, a well-articulated research strategy is urgently needed to enhance health promotion activities in this country. Disease prevention and health promotion could continue as distinct entities only if clear operational criteria, characteristics and definitions exist for each of them.