Dip. Chimica IFM & G. Scansetti Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos & Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2011 Jul;6(5):899-920. doi: 10.2217/nnm.11.80.
Nanomaterials often act as a double sword. On the one hand they offer exceptional new properties, but on the other hand show signs of toxicity. High aspect ratio nanomaterials (HARNs) cause more concern than isometric nanoparticles owing to their physical similarity with asbestos. Many compounds may be prepared in fibrous shape with nano-sized diameter differing one from the other in various ways. This article reports a comparative picture of the chemical features and related toxic responses to a variety of HARNs, namely carbon nanotubes, asbestos, carbon nanofibers, oxide and metal wires and rods. In spite of similarities in form, durability and several biological responses elicited in vitro and in vivo, carbon nanotubes - opposite to asbestos - quench radicals, are hydrophobic and may be fully purified from metal impurities. Most of the other HARNs produced so far are metal or metal oxide compounds, less biopersistent than carbon nanotubes.
纳米材料常常是一把双刃剑。一方面，它们提供了特殊的新性能，但另一方面也表现出毒性的迹象。高长径比纳米材料（HARNs）比等轴纳米粒子引起更多的关注，因为它们在物理上与石棉相似。许多化合物可以制备成纤维状，具有纳米级直径，彼此之间在各种方面有所不同。本文报道了各种 HARNs（即碳纳米管、石棉、碳纳米纤维、氧化物和金属丝和棒）的化学特征和相关毒性反应的比较图片。尽管在形式、耐久性和体外和体内引起的几种生物学反应上存在相似之处，但与石棉相反，碳纳米管能淬灭自由基，具有疏水性，并且可以完全从金属杂质中纯化出来。迄今为止，大多数其他 HARNs 是金属或金属氧化物化合物，比碳纳米管的生物持久性差。
