Rao Chenyu, Shi Sirong
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Mol Biosci. 2022 Aug 11;9:900344. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900344. eCollection 2022.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an obstinate, degradative, and complicated disease that has drawn much attention worldwide. Characterized by its stubborn symptoms and various sequela, OA causes much financial burden on both patients and the health system. What's more, conventional systematic therapy is not effective enough and causes multiple side effects. There's much evidence that nanoparticles have unique properties such as high penetration, biostability, and large specific surface area. Thus, it is urgent to exploit novel medications for OA. Nanomaterials have been sufficiently studied, exploiting diverse nano-drug delivery systems (DDSs) and targeted nano therapeutical molecules. The nanomaterials are primarily intra-articular injected under the advantages of high topical concentration and low dosage. After administration, the DDS and targeted nano therapeutical molecules can specifically react with the components, including cartilage and synovium of a joint in OA, furthermore attenuate the chondrocyte apoptosis, matrix degradation, and macrophage recruitment. Thus, arthritis would be alleviated. The DDSs could load with conventional anti-inflammatory drugs, antibodies, RNA, and so on, targeting chondrocytes, synovium, or extracellular matrix (ECM) and releasing the molecules sequentially. The targeted nano therapeutical molecules could directly get to the targeted tissue, alleviating the inflammation and promoting tissue healing. This review will comprehensively collect and evaluate the targeted nanomaterials to articular cartilage in OA.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种顽固、退行性且复杂的疾病，已引起全球广泛关注。OA症状顽固且有多种后遗症，给患者和卫生系统都带来了沉重的经济负担。此外，传统的系统治疗效果不够显著，还会引发多种副作用。有大量证据表明，纳米颗粒具有高穿透性、生物稳定性和大比表面积等独特特性。因此，迫切需要开发治疗OA的新型药物。人们已经对纳米材料进行了充分研究，开发了多种纳米药物递送系统（DDS）和靶向纳米治疗分子。纳米材料主要通过关节内注射给药，具有局部浓度高、剂量低的优点。给药后，DDS和靶向纳米治疗分子可与OA关节的软骨和滑膜等成分发生特异性反应，进而减轻软骨细胞凋亡、基质降解和巨噬细胞募集，从而缓解关节炎症状。DDS可以负载传统抗炎药物、抗体、RNA等，靶向软骨细胞、滑膜或细胞外基质（ECM）并依次释放这些分子。靶向纳米治疗分子可以直接作用于靶组织，减轻炎症并促进组织愈合。本综述将全面收集和评估针对OA关节软骨的靶向纳米材料。
