Departments of Nursing Science and Gerontology, UMIT Health and Life Sciences University, Hall/Tirol, Austria.
J Adv Nurs. 2012 Feb;68(2):480-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05783.x. Epub 2011 Jul 28.
This paper presents a discussion on the potential of the theories of practice and habitus as espoused by the sociologist Bourdieu.
The interaction between nurses and patients is a constitutive element in the nursing process and a central aspect in the theories developed by Paterson and Zderad, and Orlando. Bourdieu's theory of habitus and practices assists in understanding and explaining differentiated results concerning nurse-patient interaction.
In a study on interactions with paraplegic patients, distinguished levels of interactions, which show considerable diversity among one another, could be identified. The data were collected over a period of 20 months in 2004-2006. The results present the central topics of interaction and show that understanding-oriented interaction is rare.
Communicative acting in nursing always takes place in a social context. In the interaction with patients, nurses assign a higher distinctive value to the standardized concepts of care facilities than to the actually perceived need of care. An understanding-oriented interaction assumes that the nurses with their own contributions, themes and authorities, prove themselves in the eyes of the patient. It is expected from nurses that they habitualize their own concepts so that they can be represented in a convincing manner.
If an understanding-oriented interaction is to extend into the practice of nursing, it is of crucial importance that both interaction partners assure each other how and with what capital their interaction is to be realized. Nurses need professional habitus to become agents in the social field of health.
本文探讨了社会学家布迪厄（Bourdieu）所倡导的实践理论和惯习理论的潜力。
护士与患者的互动是护理过程的一个构成要素，也是帕特森（Paterson）和泽德拉德（Zderad）以及奥兰多（Orlando）理论的核心方面。布迪厄的惯习和实践理论有助于理解和解释护士与患者互动的差异结果。
在一项对截瘫患者互动的研究中，我们可以识别出不同层次的互动，这些互动彼此之间存在着很大的差异。数据收集于 2004 年至 2006 年的 20 个月期间。结果呈现了互动的核心主题，并表明以理解为导向的互动很少见。
护理中的交际行为总是发生在社会背景中。在与患者的互动中，护士对护理机构的标准化概念赋予了更高的独特价值，而不是对实际感知到的护理需求赋予更高的价值。以理解为导向的互动假设护士以自己的贡献、主题和权威来证明自己在患者眼中的地位。人们期望护士能使自己的观念习惯化，以便以令人信服的方式表达出来。
如果以理解为导向的互动要扩展到护理实践中，那么互动的双方都要确保彼此如何以及用什么资本来实现他们的互动，这一点至关重要。护士需要专业的习惯化，才能成为卫生领域的社会行为者。
