Department of Urology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
BJU Int. 2011 Aug;108(4):484-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10330.x.
To review the current and newer, alternative methods for evaluating lymph nodes for tumor involvement in bladder cancer as relapse rates for organ-confined disease remain high despite improvements in surgical technique, suggesting the possibility of understaging. To propose a research agenda based on these findings. A PubMed literature search was performed to identify studies examining the prognostic implications of and outcomes associated with lymph node involvement in bladder cancer as well as those that utilized newer methodologies to identify the possibility for metastatic disease. Lymph node involvement remains one of the strongest predictors of clinical outcome in bladder cancer. Histologic and molecular techniques for identification of lymph node metastasis provide a sensitivity and specificity equal to if not higher than standard pathologic evaluation. Further research into this field would help to elucidate the potential utility of these techniques with regard to proper staging and potential relevance to clinical outcomes.
回顾目前和更新的替代方法，用于评估膀胱癌中淋巴结是否存在肿瘤浸润，因为尽管手术技术有所提高，但器官受限疾病的复发率仍然很高，这表明可能存在分期不足。根据这些发现提出研究议程。进行了 PubMed 文献检索，以确定研究检查膀胱癌中淋巴结受累的预后意义和结果，以及那些利用更新的方法学来确定转移疾病可能性的研究。淋巴结受累仍然是膀胱癌临床结果的最强预测因素之一。用于识别淋巴结转移的组织学和分子技术的敏感性和特异性与标准病理评估相等，如果不比其更高。进一步研究这一领域将有助于阐明这些技术在适当分期和对临床结果的潜在相关性方面的潜在效用。
