Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Schizophr Bull. 2011 Sep;37(5):937-45. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbr082. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
While persuasive evidence has accumulated over the past 15 years documenting an association between schizophrenia and violence, there are 3 unresolved issues. First, does a downward extension of this relationship exist at the nonclinical level with respect to schizotypal personality and aggression in children? Second, is aggression more associated with impulsive reactive aggression or with more planned proactive aggression. Third and importantly, does peer victimization mediate the relationship between schizotypy and aggression? A further aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the utility of a new child self-report measure of schizotypal personality. These issues were examined in a sample of 3804 schoolchildren assessed on schizotypy using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Child (SPQ-C), reactive-proactive aggression, and peer victimization. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 3-factor structure (cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized) of the SPQ-C. Schizotypy was positively associated with total aggression and reactive aggression but not with proactive aggression. Peer victimization was found to significantly mediate the schizotypy-aggression relationship, accounting for 58.9% of the association. Results are broadly consistent with the hypothesis that schizotypal features elicit victimization from other children, which in turn predisposes to reactive retaliatory aggression. Findings are to the authors' knowledge the first to document any mediator of the schizotypy-aggression relationship and have potential treatment implications for violence reduction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. This study also provides initial evidence for the factorial and discriminant validity of a brief and simple measure of schizotypal personality in children as young as 8 years.
虽然过去 15 年来积累了大量有说服力的证据，证明精神分裂症与暴力之间存在关联，但仍有 3 个未解决的问题。首先，在非临床水平上，精神分裂症谱系障碍的未定型人格特质和儿童的攻击性之间是否存在向下延伸的关系？其次，攻击性是否更与冲动反应性攻击有关，还是更与计划主动性攻击有关？第三，也是重要的一点，同伴受害是否会调节精神分裂症未定型特质与攻击性之间的关系？本横断面研究的进一步目的是检验一种新的儿童自我报告精神分裂症未定型特质测量工具的效用。在一个使用精神分裂症未定型人格问卷-儿童版（SPQ-C）评估精神分裂症未定型特质的 3804 名学童样本中，检验了这些问题，同时评估了反应性-主动性攻击性和同伴受害情况。验证性因素分析证实了 SPQ-C 的 3 因素结构（认知-知觉、人际和混乱）。精神分裂症未定型特质与总攻击性和反应性攻击性呈正相关，但与主动性攻击性无关。发现同伴受害显著中介了精神分裂症未定型特质与攻击性之间的关系，解释了 58.9%的关联。研究结果大体上与以下假设一致，即精神分裂症未定型特质会引发其他儿童的受害，从而容易导致反应性报复性攻击。研究结果是作者所知的第一个记录精神分裂症未定型特质与攻击性之间的任何中介因素的研究，并可能对减少精神分裂症谱系障碍中的暴力行为具有潜在的治疗意义。本研究还为简短而简单的儿童精神分裂症未定型特质测量工具的因子和判别有效性提供了初步证据。
