Kinne R K, Grupp C, Grunewald R W
Max-Planck-Institut für Systemphysiologie, Dortmund.
Klin Wochenschr. 1990 Feb 15;68(4):199-206. doi: 10.1007/BF01662715.
After summarizing the progress which has been made with regard to the isolation and characterization of homogeneous cell populations from the kidney, a brief survey of current techniques available for the analysis of intracellular parameters is given. Special emphasis is thereby placed on the use of electron probe X-ray microanalysis to determine intracellular elements and on "in vivo" nuclear magnetic resonance to define metabolic pathways in isolated cells. These methods have been applied to study ion and substrate fluxes in isolated collecting duct cells and the response of these cells to changes in osmolality of the extracellular medium. This response involves initially fast water movements accompanied by changes in intracellular sodium and chloride but not potassium concentration. Longterm adaptation is achieved by the adjustment of the intracellular concentration of "organic osmolytes" such as sorbitol, myoinositol, glycerophosphorylcholine, and betaine through changes in the rate of efflux of these metabolites from the cell. In the last section the effect of experimentally induced diabetes mellitus on the osmoregulation in isolated collecting ducts is described.
在总结了从肾脏中分离和鉴定同质细胞群体所取得的进展之后，本文简要介绍了目前可用于分析细胞内参数的技术。特别强调了使用电子探针X射线微分析法来测定细胞内元素，以及使用“体内”核磁共振来确定分离细胞中的代谢途径。这些方法已被应用于研究分离的集合管细胞中的离子和底物通量，以及这些细胞对细胞外介质渗透压变化的反应。这种反应最初涉及快速的水移动，伴随着细胞内钠和氯浓度的变化，但钾浓度不变。长期适应是通过调节细胞内“有机渗透剂”（如山梨醇、肌醇、甘油磷酸胆碱和甜菜碱）的浓度来实现的，这些渗透剂的浓度变化是通过这些代谢物从细胞中流出速率的改变来实现的。在最后一部分中，描述了实验性诱导糖尿病对分离的集合管渗透压调节的影响。
