Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;24(5):472-7. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834a88af.
This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of biologic and environmental factors that shape current cholera outbreaks, advances in our understanding of host-pathogen interactions during cholera, and recent evolution of current treatment and cholera prevention strategies.
New research studies have improved our understanding of a number of dynamic factors that shape the ecology of Vibrio cholerae and influence its transmission, including the role of lytic bacteriophage, biofilm formation, a hyperinfectious state of human-passaged V. cholerae, and the impact of severe weather events. Provision of safe water and improved sanitation continue to be the mainstays of preventing cholera transmission; however, the role of cholera vaccination as a control measure in both endemic and epidemic settings is evolving. Recent advances in our understanding of long-lived protective immunity after natural infection may aid in the global efforts to control cholera.
Improved understanding of factors associated with protective immunity and dynamic factors associated with cholera outbreaks may lead to improved control and prevention strategies for cholera.
本篇综述将重点介绍当前霍乱暴发相关的生物学和环境因素的最新研究进展，宿主-病原体相互作用的最新研究进展，以及当前治疗和霍乱预防策略的最新进展。
新的研究进展提高了我们对多种动态因素的理解，这些因素影响了霍乱弧菌的生态，并影响其传播，包括裂解噬菌体、生物膜形成、人类传播的霍乱弧菌的高感染状态，以及恶劣天气事件的影响。提供安全用水和改善卫生设施仍然是预防霍乱传播的主要措施；然而，霍乱疫苗作为地方性和流行地区的控制措施的作用正在发生变化。 对自然感染后长期保护性免疫相关因素的最新理解可能有助于全球控制霍乱的努力。
对与保护性免疫相关的因素以及与霍乱暴发相关的动态因素的理解的提高，可能会导致霍乱的控制和预防策略的改进。
