Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21642. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021642. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
Information on ongoing body movements can affect the perception of ambiguous visual motion. Previous studies on "treadmill capture" have shown that treadmill walking biases the perception of ambiguous apparent motion in backward direction in accordance with the optic flow during normal walking, and that long-term treadmill experience changes the effect of treadmill capture. To understand the underlying mechanisms for these phenomena, we conducted Experiment 1 with non-treadmill runners and Experiment 2 with treadmill runners. The participants judged the motion direction of the apparent motion stimuli of horizontal gratings in front of their feet under three conditions: walking on a treadmill, standing on a treadmill, and standing on the floor. The non-treadmill runners showed the presence of downward bias only under the walking condition, indicating that ongoing treadmill walking but not the awareness of being on a treadmill biased the visual directional discrimination. In contrast, the treadmill runners showed no downward bias under any of the conditions, indicating that neither ongoing activity nor the awareness of spatial context produced perception bias. This suggests that the long-term repetitive experience of treadmill walking without optic flow induced the formation of a treadmill-specific locomotor-visual linkage to perceive the complex relationship between self and the environment.
关于正在进行的身体运动的信息会影响对模糊视觉运动的感知。先前关于“跑步机捕获”的研究表明，跑步机行走会根据正常行走时的光流使向后方向的模糊视错觉运动的感知发生偏差，并且长期的跑步机体验会改变跑步机捕获的效果。为了理解这些现象的潜在机制，我们用非跑步机跑步者进行了实验 1，用跑步机跑步者进行了实验 2。参与者在三种条件下判断脚前水平光栅的视错觉运动刺激的运动方向：在跑步机上行走、站在跑步机上和站在地板上。非跑步机跑步者仅在行走条件下表现出向下偏差，表明正在进行的跑步机行走而不是意识到在跑步机上会使视觉方向辨别产生偏差。相比之下，跑步机跑步者在任何情况下都没有表现出向下偏差，表明无论是正在进行的活动还是空间环境的意识都没有产生感知偏差。这表明，没有光流的跑步机重复行走的长期经验导致形成了一种跑步机特有的运动-视觉联系，以感知自我和环境之间的复杂关系。
