Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2011;27:107-32. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
Macroautophagy is mediated by a unique organelle, the autophagosome, which encloses a portion of cytoplasm for delivery to the lysosome. Autophagosome formation is dynamically regulated by starvation and other stresses and involves complicated membrane reorganization. Since the discovery of yeast Atg-related proteins, autophagosome formation has been dissected at the molecular level. In this review we describe the molecular mechanism of autophagosome formation with particular focus on the function of Atg proteins and the long-standing discussion regarding the origin of the autophagosome membrane.
自噬是由一种独特的细胞器——自噬体介导的，自噬体将细胞质的一部分包裹起来，输送到溶酶体。自噬体的形成受到饥饿和其他应激的动态调节，涉及复杂的膜重组。自从发现酵母 Atg 相关蛋白以来，自噬体的形成已经在分子水平上被解析。在这篇综述中，我们描述了自噬体形成的分子机制，特别关注 Atg 蛋白的功能以及自噬体膜起源的长期讨论。
