Dorman D C
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1990 Mar;20(2):505-13. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(90)50041-8.
Companion animal exposures to volatile hydrocarbons and turpentine accounted for 2% of all calls received by the IAPIC in 1987. Volatile hydrocarbons are also used as vehicle solvents (e.g., pesticides), and both vehicle and active ingredients pose a significant hazard to companion animals. The most significant clinical effects of the hydrocarbons are related to aspiration pneumonia. The likelihood of aspiration is generally related to the compound's viscosity, with more volatile and most widely available compounds posing the greatest risk. Treatment generally is conservative. Gastrointestinal decontamination methods (e.g., emetics and activated charcoal administration) are used only in massive ingestions or when other toxicants are present in conjunction with the hydrocarbons. Oxygen therapy and cage rest are recommended for the dyspneic animal. Close monitoring of an exposed animal and symptomatic care as needed are also recommended for at least 12 hours after exposure.
1987年，伴侣动物接触挥发性碳氢化合物和松节油的情况占国际动物中毒信息中心（IAPIC）接到的所有求助电话的2%。挥发性碳氢化合物也用作车辆溶剂（如农药），车辆和活性成分都会对伴侣动物构成重大危害。碳氢化合物最显著的临床影响与吸入性肺炎有关。吸入的可能性通常与化合物的粘度有关，挥发性越强、可得性越广的化合物风险越大。治疗通常采取保守方法。胃肠道去污方法（如使用催吐剂和活性炭）仅用于大量摄入或碳氢化合物与其他毒物同时存在的情况。对于呼吸困难的动物，建议进行氧疗并让其在笼中休息。暴露后至少12小时内，还建议密切监测暴露动物并根据需要进行对症护理。
