Melis K, Verbeke S, Bochner A
Algemeen Kinderziekenhuis, afd. Intensieve Zorgen, Antwerpen, België.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1990 Apr 21;134(16):811-4.
Between 1980 and 1989 the Children's Hospital of Antwerp admitted 954 children with signs of intoxication. In 83 cases (9%) these were due to ingestion of hydrocarbons, 17 of these 83 children (21%) had chemical pneumonia. The most frequent chemicals were turpentine, petrol and lamp oil. The main symptoms were vomiting, skin rash, coughing and fever accompanied by an infectious blood count. Roentgen abnormalities in this group were less frequent than reported in the literature. A chest X-ray immediately after admission does not always provide information about pneumonia because abnormalities may already be present, e.g. due to an acute lung condition; nevertheless it is necessary for further study, if any. An X-ray after 24 hours is indispensable to confirm or exclude chemical pneumonia. As regards treatment, only supportive therapy is possible. Pulmonary function studies after a few weeks may be useful. A survey is presented of the epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnostics, pathophysiology, symptomatic therapy, prevention and prognosis.
1980年至1989年间，安特卫普儿童医院收治了954名有中毒迹象的儿童。其中83例（9%）是由于摄入碳氢化合物所致，这83名儿童中有17例（21%）发生了化学性肺炎。最常见的化学物质是松节油、汽油和煤油。主要症状为呕吐、皮疹、咳嗽和发热，伴有感染性血常规。该组的X线异常情况比文献报道的要少。入院后立即进行胸部X线检查并不总能提供有关肺炎的信息，因为异常情况可能已经存在，例如由于急性肺部疾病；然而，如果需要进一步研究，这是必要的。24小时后进行X线检查对于确诊或排除化学性肺炎是必不可少的。关于治疗，只能进行支持性治疗。几周后进行肺功能研究可能会有帮助。本文介绍了其流行病学、临床发现、诊断、病理生理学、对症治疗、预防和预后情况。
