School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City.
Phys Ther Sport. 2011 Aug;12(3):140-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.02.008. Epub 2011 Apr 29.
Lateral patellar malalignment and maltracking are commonly believed to be associated with patellofemoral pain. In the current review, a computerized and manual search of English-language articles was performed using multiple combinations of the following keywords: 'patellofemoral pain syndrome' or 'patellofemoral pain', and 'patellar alignment' or 'patellar tracking'. The role of patellar alignment and tracking in vivo is discussed via a review of papers regarding the differences in asymptomatic and symptomatic patella. An attempt is made to identify the potential mechanism of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
Evidence suggests that symptomatic patella do not consistently demonstrate lateral malalignment or tracking in patellar tilt and translation. Abnormal patellar alignment and tracking may be potential risk factors that are associated with patellofemoral pain. Other contributing factors should be considered in dealing with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Further studies are required to determine what normal patella alignment and tracking is before going on to define how these are altered in subjects with patellofemoral pain. Furthermore, prospective studies are needed to identify the alteration of patellofemoral kinematics, if any, and whether these are the causative factor or the consequence of the patellofemoral pain syndrome, as well as to determine the risk of development of patellofemoral pain syndrome in individuals with and without abnormal patellar tracking.
外侧髌骨对线不良和跟踪不良通常被认为与髌股疼痛综合征有关。在本次综述中，使用以下关键词的多种组合，对英文文献进行了计算机检索和手动检索：“髌股疼痛综合征”或“髌股疼痛”，以及“髌骨对线”或“髌骨跟踪”。通过回顾关于无症状和有症状髌骨差异的论文，讨论了髌骨对线和跟踪在体内的作用。试图确定髌股疼痛综合征（PFPS）的潜在机制。
有证据表明，有症状的髌骨在髌骨倾斜和移位时并不总是表现出外侧对线不良或跟踪不良。异常的髌骨对线和跟踪可能是与髌股疼痛相关的潜在危险因素。在处理髌股疼痛综合征时，应考虑其他相关因素。需要进一步的研究来确定正常髌骨对线和跟踪是什么，然后再定义在髌股疼痛患者中这些如何改变。此外，需要前瞻性研究来确定髌股运动学的改变（如果有），以及这些改变是髌股疼痛综合征的原因还是结果，并确定有和无异常髌骨跟踪的个体髌股疼痛综合征的发展风险。
