National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, India.
Biotechnol Adv. 2011 Nov-Dec;29(6):879-88. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.07.005. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
Aphids, (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) a nefarious insect pest of Brassicaceae members including major vegetable and oilseed crops have coevolved with their host plant and emerged as most economically important insect pest of crop Brassicas. Their atypical feeding mechanism and unusual reproductive biology made them intractable to control below economic threshold level of damage to the crops. To a large extent aphid infestation is controlled by spraying agrochemicals of systemic mode of action and rarely by biological control. Use of systemic insecticides is highly cost intensive as well poses bigger threat of their incorporation in dietary chain. Breeding for genetic resistance against aphids has not been possible owing to the non-availability of resistance source within the crossable germplasms and lack of knowledge of the genetics of the trait. Genetic engineering with insect resistant transgenes seems to be the only potential avenue to address this difficult-to-accomplish breeding objective. Some success had been achieved in terms of developing aphid resistant cultivars through genetic engineering however, commercial utilization of such crops are still awaited. Thus protection of crops against aphids necessarily requires more research to identify either more effective insecticidal transgenes or biological phenomenon that can usher to new mechanism of resistance. The present review is an attempt to highlight the current status and possible avenues to develop aphid resistance in Brassicaceae crops.
蚜虫，（半翅目：蚜科）是包括主要蔬菜和油料作物在内的十字花科成员的有害昆虫害虫，它们与宿主植物共同进化，成为作物 Brassicas 中最重要的经济重要的昆虫害虫。它们非典型的进食机制和不寻常的生殖生物学使它们难以在低于经济阈值的水平下控制对作物的损害。在很大程度上，蚜虫的侵害是通过喷洒具有系统作用模式的农用化学品来控制的，很少通过生物防治来控制。使用内吸性杀虫剂不仅成本高昂，而且更大的威胁是它们会被纳入食物链。由于在可杂交种质中没有抗性来源，并且缺乏对该性状的遗传知识，因此针对蚜虫的遗传抗性育种一直无法实现。利用具有昆虫抗性转基因的基因工程似乎是解决这一难以实现的育种目标的唯一潜在途径。通过基因工程已经在开发抗蚜虫品种方面取得了一些成功，然而，此类作物的商业利用仍在等待之中。因此，保护作物免受蚜虫侵害需要更多的研究来确定更有效的杀虫转基因或可以带来新的抗性机制的生物现象。本综述试图强调在十字花科作物中开发抗蚜虫的现状和可能途径。
