Ogden Ruth S, Wearden John H, Gallagher Denis T, Montgomery Catharine
Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2011 Sep;138(1):254-62. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.07.002. Epub 2011 Jul 29.
Previous research suggests that human timing may be affected by alcohol administration. The current study aimed to expand on previous research by examining the effect of alcohol on prospective timing, retrospective timing and passage of time judgements. A blind between-subjects design was employed in which participants were either administered 0 g of alcohol per kilogramme of body weight (placebo), 0.4 g/kg (low dose) or 0.6g/kg (high dose). Participants completed four types of temporal task; verbal estimation and temporal generalisation, a retrospective timing task and a passage of time judgement task. A high dose of alcohol resulted in overestimations of duration relative to the low dose and placebo group in the verbal estimation task. A high dose of alcohol was also associated with time passing more quickly than normal. Alcohol had no effect on retrospective judgements. The results suggest that a high dose of alcohol increases internal clock speed leading to over-estimations of duration on prospective timing tasks, and the sensation of time passing more quickly than normal. The absence of an effect of alcohol on retrospective timing supports the suggestion that retrospective judgements are not based on the output of an internal clock.
先前的研究表明，饮酒可能会影响人类的时间感知。当前的研究旨在通过考察酒精对前瞻性时间感知、回顾性时间感知和时间流逝判断的影响，对先前的研究进行拓展。研究采用了被试间盲法设计，让参与者分别摄入每千克体重0克酒精（安慰剂）、0.4克/千克（低剂量）或0.6克/千克（高剂量）。参与者完成了四种类型的时间任务：言语估计和时间泛化、回顾性时间任务以及时间流逝判断任务。在言语估计任务中，相对于低剂量组和安慰剂组，高剂量酒精导致对持续时间的高估。高剂量酒精还与时间比正常情况下过得更快有关。酒精对回顾性判断没有影响。结果表明，高剂量酒精会提高内部时钟速度，导致在前瞻性时间任务中对持续时间的高估，以及时间比正常情况下过得更快的感觉。酒精对回顾性时间感知没有影响，这支持了回顾性判断并非基于内部时钟输出的观点。
