School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Sep;25(9):2382-91. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318201bf48.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the discriminative ability of rebound jump squat force-time and power-time measures in differentiating speed performance and competition level in elite and elite junior rugby union players. Forty professional rugby union players performed 3 rebound jump squats with an external load of 40 kg from which a number of force-time and power-time variables were acquired and analyzed. Additionally, players performed 3 sprints over 30 m with timing gates at 5, 10, and 30 m. Significant differences (p < 0.05) between the fastest 20 and slowest 20 athletes, and elite (n = 25) and elite junior (n = 15) players in speed and force-time and power-time variables were determined using independent sample t-tests. The fastest and slowest sprinters over 10 m differed in peak power (PP) expressed relative to body weight. Over 30 m, there were significant differences in peak velocity and relative PP and rate of power development. There was no significant difference in speed over any distance between elite and elite junior rugby union players; however, a number of force and power variables including peak force, PP, force at 100 milliseconds from minimum force, and force and impulse 200 milliseconds from minimum force were significantly (p < 0.05) different between playing levels. Although only power values expressed relative to body weight were able to differentiate speed performance, both absolute and relative force and power values differentiated playing levels in professional rugby union players. For speed development in rugby union players, training strategies should aim to optimize the athlete's power to weight ratio, and lower body resistance training should focus on movement velocity. For player development to transition elite junior players to elite status, adding lean mass is likely to be most beneficial.
本研究旨在探究反弹式深蹲力-时和功率-时测量在区分精英和精英青年英式橄榄球运动员速度表现和比赛水平方面的辨别能力。40 名职业英式橄榄球运动员进行了 3 次带有 40 公斤外部负荷的反弹式深蹲，从中获取了一些力-时和功率-时变量并进行了分析。此外，运动员还使用计时门进行了 3 次 30 米冲刺，计时门分别设置在 5 米、10 米和 30 米处。使用独立样本 t 检验确定了最快的 20 名和最慢的 20 名运动员、精英（n=25）和精英青年（n=15）运动员在速度以及力-时和功率-时变量方面的显著差异（p<0.05）。在 10 米处的冲刺中，最快和最慢的冲刺者的峰值功率（PP）与体重相关。在 30 米处，峰值速度和相对 PP 以及功率发展率存在显著差异。精英和精英青年英式橄榄球运动员在任何距离的速度上均无显著差异；然而，一些力和功率变量，包括峰值力、PP、从最小力起 100 毫秒时的力、以及从最小力起 200 毫秒时的力和冲量，在比赛水平上存在显著差异（p<0.05）。虽然仅能通过体重标准化的功率值来区分速度表现，但绝对和相对的力和功率值可区分职业英式橄榄球运动员的比赛水平。对于英式橄榄球运动员的速度发展，训练策略应旨在优化运动员的力量与体重比，下肢阻力训练应侧重于运动速度。为了使精英青年运动员向精英运动员转变，增加瘦体重可能是最有益的。
