Soler Ernest Palomeras, Ruiz Virgina Casado
Hospital de Mataró, Spain.
Curr Cardiol Rev. 2010 Aug;6(3):138-49. doi: 10.2174/157340310791658785.
Cerebral ischemia and ischemic heart diseases, common entities nowadays, are the main manifestation of circulatory diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, followed by stroke, represent the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Both entities share risk factors, pathophisiology and etiologic aspects by means of a main common mechanism, atherosclerosis. However, each entity has its own particularities. Ischemic stroke shows a variety of pathogenic mechanisms not present in ischemic heart disease. An ischemic stroke increases the risk of suffering a coronary heart disease, and viceversa. The aim of this chapter is to review data on epidemiology, pathophisiology and risk factors for both entities, considering the differences and similarities that could be found in between them. We discuss traditional risk factors, obtained from epidemiological data, and also some novel ones, such as hyperhomocisteinemia or sleep apnea. We separate risk factors, as clasically, in two groups: nonmodifiables, which includes age, sex, or ethnicity, and modifiables, including hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetis, in order to discuss the role of each factor in both ischemic events, ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease.
脑缺血和缺血性心脏病是当今常见的病症，是循环系统疾病的主要表现形式。心血管疾病仅次于中风，是全球主要的死亡原因。这两种病症通过动脉粥样硬化这一主要共同机制，在危险因素、病理生理学和病因方面存在共性。然而，每种病症都有其自身特点。缺血性中风具有多种缺血性心脏病所没有的致病机制。缺血性中风会增加患冠心病的风险，反之亦然。本章旨在回顾这两种病症在流行病学、病理生理学和危险因素方面的数据，同时考虑它们之间可能存在的差异和相似之处。我们将讨论从流行病学数据中得出的传统危险因素，以及一些新出现的危险因素，如高同型半胱氨酸血症或睡眠呼吸暂停。我们按照传统方式将危险因素分为两组：不可改变的因素，包括年龄、性别或种族；可改变的因素，包括高血压、血脂异常或糖尿病，以便探讨每个因素在缺血性中风和冠心病这两种缺血性事件中的作用。
