Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 225 FScN, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108-6099, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2012 Jan;15(1):176-85. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011001649. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
The Hmong are a growing population of South-East Asian immigrants with increasing rates of obesity and diabetes, yet little is known about their dietary consumption patterns. The present study aimed to investigate the dietary intake of Hmong children and whether acculturation and/or time lived in the USA influences dietary intake, BMI and nutritional status.
Two 24 h dietary recalls were collected on non-consecutive days using the multiple-pass interviewing method and were averaged. Heights and weights were measured, from which BMI was calculated. An acculturation score was computed.
Schools, churches, Hmong organizations, and community centres.
Three hundred and thirty-five Hmong children aged 9-18 years from Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.
Approximately half of our participants were either overweight or obese. US-born children were significantly heavier, taller, had a higher BMI, and in general consumed more energy, saturated fat and Na than those who were born in Thailand/Laos and were living in the USA for <5 years. Children who were more acculturated to US norms including language use, social connections and dietary habits had higher BMI-for-age and consumed significantly more saturated fat, trans fatty acids, Na and Ca compared with their less acculturated counterparts.
Diets of most Hmong children appear below the recommendations for fibre, vitamins A, D and E, Ca, P, Mg and K, and are higher in fats, sugars and Na. Living in an obesogenic US environment is a probable reason for poor dietary quality of Hmong and may be a contributing factor to the rising rates of obesity and diabetes in this population.
苗族是东南亚移民中人口不断增长的群体，其肥胖症和糖尿病的发病率不断上升，但他们的饮食消费模式知之甚少。本研究旨在调查苗族儿童的饮食摄入情况，以及文化适应和/或留美时间是否会影响饮食摄入、体重指数和营养状况。
采用多次访谈法在非连续两天收集了 2 份 24 小时饮食回忆，并进行了平均处理。测量了身高和体重，由此计算出体重指数。计算了一个文化适应分数。
美国明尼苏达州双子城的学校、教堂、苗族组织和社区中心。
来自美国明尼苏达州双子城的 335 名年龄在 9-18 岁的苗族儿童。
我们的参与者中约有一半超重或肥胖。在美国出生的儿童体重、身高、BMI 更高，总体上消耗的能量、饱和脂肪和 Na 也更多，而那些在泰国/老挝出生并留美时间<5 年的儿童则不然。在语言使用、社会联系和饮食习惯等方面更适应美国规范的儿童，其 BMI 年龄更高，消耗的饱和脂肪、反式脂肪酸、Na 和 Ca 也明显更多。
大多数苗族儿童的饮食似乎低于纤维、维生素 A、D 和 E、Ca、P、Mg 和 K 的推荐摄入量，而脂肪、糖和 Na 的摄入量更高。生活在肥胖的美国环境中可能是苗族饮食质量较差的一个原因，也是该人群肥胖症和糖尿病发病率上升的一个可能因素。
