Youssef Nagy A, Ege Margaret, Angly Sohair S, Strauss Jennifer L, Marx Christine E
VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Aug;23(3):213-24.
It has been suggested that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may result in symptoms similar to those experienced in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Because this may have important public health implications, we reviewed the literature regarding this association, with a focus on interventional studies examining the effect of OSA treatment on change in ADHD symptoms.
We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, along with other major databases, for interventional studies published between January 1966 and June 2010 that examined the effect of OSA treatment on ADHD, which resulted in 6 studies. The literature on the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in OSA and vice versa was also reviewed.
Attentional deficits have been reported in up to 95% of OSA patients. In full syndromal ADHD, a high incidence (20% to 30%) of OSA has been shown. All 6 interventional studies reported improvements in behavior, inattention, and overall ADHD after treatment of OSA.
OSA may contribute to ADHD symptomatology in a subset of patients diagnosed with ADHD (DSM-IV criteria). Treatment of OSA appears to have favorable effects on ADHD symptoms. Controlled trials and epidemiologic investigations will be required to better understand these relationships, as well as their diagnostic and prognostic implications.
有研究表明阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）可能导致与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）类似的症状。鉴于此可能具有重要的公共卫生意义，我们回顾了有关这种关联的文献，重点关注检验OSA治疗对ADHD症状变化影响的干预性研究。
我们对PubMed以及其他主要数据库进行了系统的文献检索，查找1966年1月至2010年6月间发表的检验OSA治疗对ADHD影响的干预性研究，共检索到6项研究。我们还回顾了有关OSA患者中ADHD症状患病率以及反之亦然的文献。
据报道，高达95%的OSA患者存在注意力缺陷。在完全符合综合征诊断标准的ADHD患者中，OSA的发病率很高（20%至30%）。所有6项干预性研究均报告称，OSA治疗后行为、注意力不集中及整体ADHD症状均有改善。
OSA可能在一部分符合ADHD诊断标准（DSM-IV标准）的患者中导致ADHD症状。OSA治疗似乎对ADHD症状有积极影响。需要进行对照试验和流行病学调查，以更好地理解这些关系及其诊断和预后意义。
