Mutinelli F
National Reference Laboratory for Beekeeping, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
Rev Sci Tech. 2011 Apr;30(1):257-71. doi: 10.20506/rst.30.1.2033.
International trade in bees and bee products is a complex issue, affected bytheir different origins and uses. The trade in bees, which poses the main risk for disease dissemination, is very active and not all transactions may be officially registered by the competent authorities. Globally, bee health continues to deteriorate as pathogens, pests, parasites and diseases are spread internationally through legitimate trade, smuggling and well-intentioned but ill-advised bee introductions by professionals. International trade rules strengthen the ability of many countries to protect bee health while trading but also carry obligations. Countries that are Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) should only restrict imports to protect against identifiable health risks. If imports are safe, trade should be permitted. The trading rules of the WTO have given greater importance to the international standards applicable to bee health, developed by the World Organisation for Animal Health, which aims to prevent the spread of animal diseases while facilitating international trade in animals and animal products.
蜜蜂及蜂产品的国际贸易是一个复杂的问题，受到其不同来源和用途的影响。蜜蜂贸易是疾病传播的主要风险因素，其交易非常活跃，并非所有交易都能得到主管当局的正式登记。在全球范围内，由于病原体、害虫、寄生虫和疾病通过合法贸易、走私以及专业人员善意但欠考虑的蜜蜂引进在国际间传播，蜜蜂健康状况持续恶化。国际贸易规则增强了许多国家在贸易时保护蜜蜂健康的能力，但同时也带来了义务。世界贸易组织（WTO）成员国只有在为防范可识别的健康风险时才应限制进口。如果进口是安全的，就应允许贸易。WTO的贸易规则更加重视世界动物卫生组织制定的适用于蜜蜂健康的国际标准，该组织旨在防止动物疾病传播，同时促进动物及动物产品的国际贸易。
