Shimanuki H, Knox D A
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Maryland 20705, USA.
Rev Sci Tech. 1997 Apr;16(1):172-6. doi: 10.20506/rst.16.1.1008.
The international trade in bee products is a complex issue as a result of the diverse uses of these products. This is especially true with regard to honey. In most cases, honey is imported for human consumption: the high purchase and shipping costs preclude the use of honey as feed for bees. For these reasons, the risk of transmitting disease through honey is minimal. However, this risk should not be ignored, especially in those countries where American foulbrood is not known to occur. The importation of pollen for bee feed poses a definite risk, especially since there are no acceptable procedures for determining whether pollen is free from pathogens, insects and mites. Routine drying of pollen would reduce the survival of mites and insects, but would not have any impact on bacterial spores. Phytosanitary certificates should be required for the importation of honey and pollen when destined for bee feed. The declaration on the phytosanitary certificate should include country of origin, and should state whether the following bee diseases and parasitic mites are present: American foulbrood disease, European foulbrood disease, chalkbrood disease, Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae.
由于蜂产品用途多样，其国际贸易是一个复杂的问题。蜂蜜尤其如此。在大多数情况下，进口蜂蜜是供人类食用的：高昂的购买和运输成本使得蜂蜜无法用作蜜蜂饲料。出于这些原因，通过蜂蜜传播疾病的风险极小。然而，这种风险不应被忽视，尤其是在那些未知有美洲幼虫腐臭病发生的国家。进口用于蜜蜂饲料的花粉存在一定风险，特别是因为目前尚无确定花粉是否无病原体、昆虫和螨虫的可接受程序。对花粉进行常规干燥会降低螨虫和昆虫的存活率，但对细菌孢子没有任何影响。当蜂蜜和花粉用于蜜蜂饲料进口时，应要求提供植物检疫证书。植物检疫证书上的声明应包括原产国，并应说明是否存在以下蜜蜂疾病和寄生螨虫：美洲幼虫腐臭病、欧洲幼虫腐臭病、白垩病、雅氏瓦螨和亮热厉螨。
