“我做我必须做的事情来生存”：对纳米比亚北部从事性工作的女性的看法、经验和经济考虑的调查。
"I do what I have to do to survive": an investigation into the perceptions, experiences and economic considerations of women engaged in sex work in Northern Namibia.
机构信息
The George Institute for Global Health, Missenden Road, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Womens Health. 2011 Aug 3;11:35. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-35.
BACKGROUND
There is little published research investigating sex work in Namibia, particularly in rural areas. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to determine the views of women engaged in sex work in the Oshakati area of Namibia concerning the main factors influencing their use, or non-use, of male condoms during transactional sexual exchanges.
METHODS
Qualitative interviews were used to better understand the perceptions, experiences and economic considerations of female sex workers in Namibia who were involved in a Behavior Change Communication Program encouraging safer sex practices among high-risk populations in 2006 and 2007.
RESULTS
While the Behavior Change Communication Program has made significant strides in educating and empowering young women to negotiate more consistent condom use with sexual partners, the gendered economic inequalities and power imbalances within rural and semi-urban Namibian society that favor men hinder further advancement towards positive behavioral change for HIV prevention and also hinder the development of the loving relationships sought by some sex workers.
CONCLUSION
This study found that sex workers and transactional sex encounters are heterogeneous entities dependent upon the characteristics of the man (known, stranger, wealthy, attractive to the woman) and the woman (in financial need, desiring love). These features all influence condom use. The 3 E's 'education, empowerment and economic independence' are critical factors needed to encourage and facilitate consistent condom use to prevent HIV transmission. Without financial independence and occupational alternatives building on their health education and empowerment, women who engage in sex work-and transactional sex more generally-will remain largely marginalized from Namibian society, and will continue engaging in risky sexual practices that facilitate HIV acquisition and transmission throughout the community.
背景
在纳米比亚，尤其是在农村地区，很少有关于性工作的研究。因此，本文的目的是确定奥沙卡蒂地区从事性工作的女性对影响她们在交易性性行为中使用或不使用男用安全套的主要因素的看法。
方法
采用定性访谈方法，更好地了解纳米比亚女性性工作者的看法、经验和经济考虑因素，这些女性参与了 2006 年和 2007 年的行为改变传播方案，旨在鼓励高危人群采取更安全的性行为。
结果
尽管行为改变传播方案在教育和赋权年轻女性方面取得了重大进展，使她们能够与性伴侣更一致地使用安全套，但纳米比亚农村和半城市社会中存在的性别不平等和权力失衡，有利于男性，这阻碍了进一步朝着艾滋病毒预防的积极行为改变前进，也阻碍了一些性工作者寻求的爱的关系的发展。
结论
本研究发现，性工作者和交易性性行为是异质实体，取决于男性（熟人、陌生人、富有、对女性有吸引力）和女性（经济上有需求、渴望爱情）的特征。这些特征都影响着避孕套的使用。“教育、赋权和经济独立”是鼓励和促进一致使用避孕套以预防艾滋病毒传播的关键因素。如果没有经济独立和职业选择，以建立在健康教育和赋权的基础上，从事性工作的妇女——更广泛地说，从事交易性性工作的妇女——将在很大程度上被纳米比亚社会边缘化，并且将继续从事危险的性行为，这将促进艾滋病毒在整个社区的获得和传播。
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