Mizushima N
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2011;76:397-402. doi: 10.1101/sqb.2011.76.011023. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation system in the cell. In autophagy, intracellular components are sequestered by autophagosomes and subsequently degraded upon fusion with lysosomes. Genetic analysis of autophagy in mammals has revealed that autophagy is important for various physiological processes, such as adaptive responses to starvation, embryogenesis, quality control of intracellular proteins and organelles, tumor suppression, degradation of intracellular pathogens, and anti-aging. In this review I describe the various roles of autophagy, with a particular focus on the turnover of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles.
巨自噬是细胞内一种进化上保守的降解系统。在自噬过程中，细胞内成分被自噬体隔离，随后在与溶酶体融合时被降解。对哺乳动物自噬的遗传学分析表明，自噬对多种生理过程至关重要，如对饥饿的适应性反应、胚胎发育、细胞内蛋白质和细胞器的质量控制、肿瘤抑制、细胞内病原体的降解以及抗衰老。在这篇综述中，我将描述自噬的各种作用，特别关注细胞质蛋白质和细胞器的周转。
