OU College of Medicine, Norman, OK, USA.
Int Urol Nephrol. 2012 Feb;44(1):139-48. doi: 10.1007/s11255-011-0011-1. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
Penile cancer is an uncommon disease in the industrialized world that most frequently presents at low stage and is cured with treatment of local and regional surgery. In cases of advanced cancer, the use of more aggressive surgical techniques and the addition of adjuvant therapy may be warranted. So far, few agents have been found that improve survival with metastatic disease and thus aggressive primary treatment is required. This review discusses diagnosis, staging, and therapy for high risk penile cancer.
阴茎癌在工业化国家较为少见，大多数病例处于早期且可通过局部和区域手术治愈。对于晚期癌症病例，可能需要采用更激进的手术技术并辅以辅助治疗。迄今为止，尚未发现可改善转移性疾病患者生存的药物，因此需要积极的初始治疗。本文讨论了高危阴茎癌的诊断、分期和治疗。
