Van Lier Wim, Van der Kamp John, van der Zanden Anne, Savelsbergh Geert J P
Research Institute Move, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2011 Oct;73(7):2298-308. doi: 10.3758/s13414-011-0184-9.
We assessed calibration of perception and action in the context of a golf putting task. Previous research has shown that right-handed novice golfers make rightward errors both in the perception of the perfect aiming line from the ball to the hole and in the putting action. Right-handed experts, however, produce accurate putting actions but tend to make leftward errors in perception. In two experiments, we examined whether these skill-related differences in directional error reflect transfer of calibration from action to perception. In the main experiment, three groups of right-handed novice participants followed a pretest, practice, posttest, retention test design. During the tests, directional error for the putting action and the perception of the perfect aiming line were determined. During practice, participants were provided only with verbal outcome feedback about directional error; one group trained perception and the second trained action, whereas the third group did not practice. Practice led to a relatively permanent annihilation of directional error, but these improvements in accuracy were specific to the trained task. Hence, no transfer of calibration occurred between perception and action. The findings are discussed within the two-visual-system model for perception and action, and implications for perceptual learning in action are raised.
我们在高尔夫推杆任务的背景下评估了感知与动作的校准情况。先前的研究表明，惯用右手的新手高尔夫球手在从球到洞的完美瞄准线感知以及推杆动作中都会出现向右的误差。然而，惯用右手的专家虽然能做出准确的推杆动作，但在感知方面往往会出现向左的误差。在两项实验中，我们研究了这些与技能相关的方向误差差异是否反映了校准从动作到感知的转移。在主要实验中，三组惯用右手的新手参与者遵循前测、练习、后测、保留测试的设计。在测试期间，确定推杆动作的方向误差以及对完美瞄准线的感知。在练习期间，参与者仅获得关于方向误差的言语结果反馈；一组训练感知，第二组训练动作，而第三组不进行练习。练习导致方向误差相对永久性地消除，但这些准确性的提高仅限于所训练的任务。因此，感知和动作之间没有发生校准转移。我们在感知与动作的双视觉系统模型中讨论了这些发现，并提出了对动作中感知学习的启示。
