Perdigão Carlos, Rocha Evangelista, Duarte João Sequeira, Santos Ana, Macedo Ana
Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Rev Port Cardiol. 2011 Apr;30(4):393-432.
To assess the self-reported prevalence of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Portugal and their distribution by gender, age-group and region.
We surveyed 38,893 individuals aged 40 or over, with a distribution by region and age-group proportional to the national population, through a questionnaire applied in the community in a household approach using the random route method, between October 2006 and February 2007.
The self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 23.5%, increasing with age in both genders, but slightly higher in women (24.9% vs. 21.8%). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, based on respondents' statements, was 19.7%, and higher in women (20.7% vs. 18.6%), with the highest values in the 6th and 7th decades of life (23.9% and 23.6%). The prevalence of diabetes was 8.9%, increasing with age, and slightly higher in women (9.3% vs. 8.5%). The prevalence of smoking was 16.3%, decreasing with age, but always higher in men (25.3% vs. 8.8%). The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI equal to or higher than 25/30 kg/m2) was 51.6%, higher in those aged 60-69 (57.1%) and 70-79 years (56%). Most participants (65.3%) declared they never took part in structured physical activity, while 24% claimed to take exercise, on average for 11 years, and 10.6% stated that they no longer exercised. In the Azores, there was a higher prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and overweight/obesity, while the North and Algarve regions presented the lowest values of these risk factors, although they had higher levels of smoking.
Based on respondents' statements, the AMALIA study found the following prevalences of the six risk factors under investigation, in descending order: sedentarism--76%; overweight/obesity--52%; hypertension--24%; hypercholesterolemia--20%; smoking--16%; and diabetes--9%. Notwithstanding possible under-reporting, the differences in prevalence of these major risk factors by gender and region could influence cardiovascular prevention strategies in Portugal.
评估葡萄牙心血管疾病主要危险因素的自我报告患病率及其按性别、年龄组和地区的分布情况。
2006年10月至2007年2月期间，我们通过随机路线法以家庭为单位在社区中应用问卷，对38893名40岁及以上的个体进行了调查，其按地区和年龄组的分布与全国人口成比例。
自我报告的高血压患病率为23.5%，男女患病率均随年龄增长而上升，但女性患病率略高（24.9%对21.8%）。根据受访者陈述，高胆固醇血症患病率为19.7%，女性患病率更高（20.7%对18.6%），在60岁和70岁年龄段患病率最高（23.9%和23.6%）。糖尿病患病率为8.9%，随年龄增长而上升，女性患病率略高（9.3%对8.5%）。吸烟患病率为16.3%，随年龄下降，但男性患病率始终较高（25.3%对8.8%）。超重/肥胖（体重指数等于或高于25/30kg/m²）患病率为51.6%，在60 - 69岁（57.1%）和70 - 79岁（56%）人群中患病率更高。大多数参与者（65.3%）宣称他们从未参加过有组织的体育活动，而24%的人声称进行锻炼，平均锻炼年限为11年，10.6%的人表示他们不再锻炼。在亚速尔群岛，高血压、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病和超重/肥胖的患病率较高，而北部和阿尔加维地区这些危险因素的值最低，尽管它们的吸烟率较高。
基于受访者的陈述，AMALIA研究发现所调查的六个危险因素的患病率如下，按降序排列：久坐不动——76%；超重/肥胖——52%；高血压——24%；高胆固醇血症——20%；吸烟——16%；糖尿病——9%。尽管可能存在报告不足的情况，但这些主要危险因素在性别和地区上的患病率差异可能会影响葡萄牙的心血管疾病预防策略。
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