青少年期精神病理学的趋势：儿童成长为青少年，以及青少年成长为成年人时会发生哪些变化？
Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: what changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults?
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Developmental Epidemiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
出版信息
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;52(10):1015-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
BACKGROUND
Little is known about changes in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders between childhood and adolescence, and adolescence and adulthood.
METHODS
We reviewed papers reporting prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders separately for childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional papers published in the past 15 years were included.
RESULTS
About one adolescent in five has a psychiatric disorder. From childhood to adolescence there is an increase in rates of depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and substance use disorders (SUD), and a decrease in separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). From adolescence to early adulthood there is a further increase in panic disorder, agoraphobia, and SUD, and a further decrease in SAD and ADHD. Other phobias and disruptive behavior disorders also fall.
CONCLUSIONS
Further study of changes in rates of disorder across developmental stages could inform etiological research and guide interventions.
背景
关于儿童期到青春期、青春期到成年期之间精神障碍患病率的变化，我们知之甚少。
方法
我们查阅了过去 15 年里分别针对儿童期、青春期和成年早期报告精神障碍患病率的论文。包括纵向和横断面研究。
结果
约五分之一的青少年患有精神障碍。从儿童期到青春期，抑郁、惊恐障碍、广场恐怖症和物质使用障碍（SUD）的发病率上升，而分离焦虑症（SAD）和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的发病率下降。从青春期到成年早期，惊恐障碍、广场恐怖症和 SUD 的发病率进一步上升，SAD 和 ADHD 的发病率进一步下降。其他恐惧症和破坏性行为障碍也有所下降。
结论
进一步研究不同发育阶段障碍发生率的变化，可以为病因学研究提供信息，并指导干预措施。
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