Nervous System Development and Plasticity Section, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1647-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1206998. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
Formation of myelin, the electrical insulation on axons produced by oligodendrocytes, is controlled by complex cell-cell signaling that regulates oligodendrocyte development and myelin formation on appropriate axons. If electrical activity could stimulate myelin induction, then neurodevelopment and the speed of information transmission through circuits could be modified by neural activity. We find that release of glutamate from synaptic vesicles along axons of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture promotes myelin induction by stimulating formation of cholesterol-rich signaling domains between oligodendrocytes and axons, and increasing local synthesis of the major protein in the myelin sheath, myelin basic protein, through Fyn kinase-dependent signaling. This axon-oligodendrocyte signaling would promote myelination of electrically active axons to regulate neural development and function according to environmental experience.
髓鞘的形成，即少突胶质细胞产生的轴突电绝缘，受复杂的细胞间信号控制，该信号调节少突胶质细胞的发育和适当轴突上的髓鞘形成。如果电活动可以刺激髓鞘诱导，那么神经发育和通过回路传输信息的速度就可以通过神经活动来改变。我们发现，培养的小鼠背根神经节神经元轴突上的突触小泡释放谷氨酸，通过刺激少突胶质细胞和轴突之间富含胆固醇的信号域形成，并通过 Fyn 激酶依赖性信号增加髓鞘中主要蛋白髓鞘碱性蛋白的局部合成，促进髓鞘诱导。这种轴突-少突胶质细胞信号传递将促进电活性轴突的髓鞘形成，根据环境经验调节神经发育和功能。
