Burnett D A, Rikkers L F
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.
Surg Clin North Am. 1990 Apr;70(2):291-306. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)45082-6.
The nonoperative management of acute variceal hemorrhage can control acute hemorrhage and allow stabilization of the patient prior to definitive therapy to prevent further bleeding episodes. Balloon tamponade, endoscopic sclerotherapy, and pharmacotherapy can stop acute variceal bleeding. Endoscopic sclerotherapy has the highest reported success rate, decreases the incidence of early rebleeding, and is the recommended first method to control bleeding.
急性静脉曲张出血的非手术治疗可控制急性出血，并使患者在进行确定性治疗之前得以稳定，以防止再次出血。气囊压迫、内镜硬化治疗和药物治疗均可止血。据报道，内镜硬化治疗的成功率最高，可降低早期再出血的发生率，是控制出血的推荐首选方法。
