Dermatology, Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103-2714, USA.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Jan;66(1):136-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.031. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
Allergic reactions to peanuts in children have become a significant medical and legal concern worldwide, with a rising incidence of this potentially fatal condition. Peanut allergy represents an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to peanut proteins and is responsible for the majority of cases of food-induced anaphylaxis. Even trace quantities of peanut in a sensitized individual can be fatal, with rapid onset of symptoms often including the cutaneous findings of urticaria, angioedema, or a diffuse nonspecific dermatitis. Peanut allergy is usually a lifelong condition, since only about 20% of affected individuals outgrow it. Some schools ban peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, once a common dietary option, as fear of medical and legal consequences is escalating. Children with peanut allergy and their families should be knowledgeable about management strategies, including carrying and properly administering self-injectable epinephrine. New immunotherapeutic options are being investigated and appear promising.
儿童对花生的过敏反应已成为全球范围内一个重大的医学和法律问题，这种潜在致命疾病的发病率正在上升。花生过敏是一种针对花生蛋白的免疫球蛋白 E（IgE）介导的超敏反应，是大多数食物诱发过敏反应的原因。即使是致敏个体中的微量花生也可能是致命的，症状迅速发作，通常包括荨麻疹、血管性水肿或弥漫性非特异性皮炎等皮肤发现。花生过敏通常是一种终身疾病，因为只有约 20%的受影响个体能够自行痊愈。一些学校禁止花生酱和果冻三明治，因为担心医疗和法律后果，这种曾经常见的饮食选择现在已经被禁止。患有花生过敏的儿童及其家人应了解管理策略，包括携带和正确使用自我注射肾上腺素。新的免疫治疗选择正在被研究，并且看起来很有前景。
