Price J E, Zhang R D
Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1990 Feb;8(4):285-97. doi: 10.1007/BF00052605.
Athymic nude mice have been used in recent years to study the biology of human tumors and to assess therapeutic responses in vivo rather than just in vitro. Some human tumors metastasize in nude mice, providing model systems for analyzing various aspects of the metastatic phenotype of human neoplasms. For breast carcinomas, however, the tumor-take rate of surgical specimens is low, and only a limited number of cell lines proliferate in nude mice. The site of injection of the breast carcinoma cells is important; tumors grow at a lower inoculum dose and with shorter latent intervals after implantation in the mammary fatpad of nude mice than after injection in the subcutis. One breast carcinoma cell line, MDA-MB-435, metastasizes from mammary fatpad tumors to lymph nodes, lungs, and other visceral organs. In contrast, two other cell lines show lower metastatic ability. Intravenous injection and injection of tumor cells into the internal carotid artery of nude mice produces lung and brain metastases, respectively, thus simulating the arrest and organ colonizing steps of the metastatic cascade. These different techniques demonstrate the potential of experimental studies of human breast cancer growth and metastasis using nude mice.
近年来，无胸腺裸鼠已被用于研究人类肿瘤生物学，并在体内而非仅在体外评估治疗反应。一些人类肿瘤可在裸鼠体内转移，为分析人类肿瘤转移表型的各个方面提供了模型系统。然而，对于乳腺癌来说，手术标本的接种成功率较低，并且只有有限数量的细胞系能在裸鼠体内增殖。乳腺癌细胞的注射部位很重要；与皮下注射相比，将乳腺癌细胞植入裸鼠乳腺脂肪垫后，肿瘤在较低接种剂量下生长，且潜伏期更短。一种乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-435可从乳腺脂肪垫肿瘤转移至淋巴结、肺和其他内脏器官。相比之下，另外两种细胞系的转移能力较低。给裸鼠静脉注射和将肿瘤细胞注入其颈内动脉分别会产生肺转移和脑转移，从而模拟转移级联反应中的滞留和器官定植步骤。这些不同的技术证明了使用裸鼠对人类乳腺癌生长和转移进行实验研究的潜力。
