Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011 Sep;32(9):903-7. doi: 10.1086/661281.
To analyze a decade of hospital staff and student exposures to blood and body fluids (BBF) and to identify risk factors relevant to prevention strategies.
Retrospective review of a 1999-2008 data set of BBF exposures. The data, maintained by occupational health staff, detailed the type of exposure, the setting in which the exposure occurred, and the occupational group of the BBF-exposed personnel.
Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VA-DC), an inner-city tertiary care hospital.
All healthcare workers and staff at the VA-DC.
Review of database.
A review of 10 years of data revealed 564 occupational exposures to BBF, of which 66% were caused by needlesticks and 20% were caused by sharp objects. Exposures occurred most often in the acute care setting (which accounted for 39% of exposures) and the operating room (which accounted for 22%). There was a mean of 4.9 exposures per 10,000 acute care patient-days, 0.5 exposures per 10,000 long-term care patient-days, and 0.35 exposures per 10,000 outpatient visits. Housestaff accounted for the highest number of all exposures (196 [35%]). There were, on average, 15.2 exposures per 100 housestaff full-time equivalents. An average of only 1 exposure per year occurred in the hemodialysis center.
Occupational exposures to BBF remain common, but rates vary widely by setting and occupational group. Overall rates are steady across a decade, despite the use of various antiexposure devices and provider education programs. Targeting occupational groups and hospital settings that have been shown to have the highest risk rates should become foundational to future preventative strategies.
分析 10 年来医院工作人员和学生接触血液和体液（BBF）的情况，并确定与预防策略相关的风险因素。
对 1999 年至 2008 年 BBF 暴露数据进行回顾性分析。这些数据由职业健康工作人员维护，详细记录了暴露类型、暴露发生的环境以及 BBF 暴露人员的职业群体。
华盛顿特区退伍军人事务医疗中心（VA-DC），一个市中心的三级护理医院。
所有在 VA-DC 的医护人员和工作人员。
数据库审查。
对 10 年数据的回顾显示，有 564 例职业性接触 BBF，其中 66%是由针刺伤引起的，20%是由锐器引起的。暴露最常发生在急症护理环境（占 39%的暴露）和手术室（占 22%）。每 10000 个急性护理患者日发生 4.9 例暴露，每 10000 个长期护理患者日发生 0.5 例暴露，每 10000 个门诊就诊发生 0.35 例暴露。住院医师占所有暴露的人数最多（196 [35%]）。住院医师的全职当量平均有 15.2 例暴露。在血液透析中心，每年平均只有 1 例暴露。
职业性接触 BBF 仍然很常见，但不同环境和职业群体的暴露率差异很大。尽管使用了各种防暴露装置和医务人员教育项目，但在十年期间，总体暴露率保持稳定。针对已显示出高风险率的职业群体和医院环境应成为未来预防策略的基础。
