Zhang Min, Wang Huanqiang, Miao Jianying, Du Xieyi, Li Tao, Wu Zhenglai
National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, China CDC, Beijing, China.
Am J Ind Med. 2009 Feb;52(2):89-98. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20645.
To understand current status of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF), and awareness of knowledge about occupational bloodborne pathogen exposures and universal precaution among hospital-based health care workers (HCWs).
A cross-sectional study was conducted during April to May 2004 to study incidence of occupational exposure to BBF among 1,144 hospital-based HCWs.
The total incidence and the average number of episodes exposure to BBF was 66.3/100 HCWs per year and 7.5 per person per year in the past year, respectively. The incidence (per 100/HCWs per year) and the average number of episodes (per HCW per year) of percutaneous injury (PCI), mucous-membrane exposure (MME), and exposure to BBF by damaged skin was 50.3 and 1.8; 34.4 and 1.7; and 37.9 and 4.0, respectively. The leading incidence and the average number of episodes of PCI occurred in delivery room (82.6 and 1.8). The highest percentage of PCI's that occurred during the previous 2 weeks occurred during a surgical operation (22.8%). Of all sharp instruments, the suture needle contributed the highest percentage of PCI's (24.7%) among HCWs in the last 2 weeks. Over two-thirds (68.3%) of respondents were immunized with Hepatitis B vaccine; less than one-half (47%) of HCWs wore gloves while doing procedures on patients. The respondents demonstrated a lack of knowledge regarding transmission of bloodborne diseases and universal precautions.
Risk for potential exposure to BBF appears high in HCWs, and almost all of episodes are not reported. It is urgent to establish the Guideline for Prevention and Control of Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens among HCWs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:89-98, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
了解医院医护人员职业接触血液和体液（BBF）的现状，以及他们对职业血源性病原体暴露和通用预防措施的知识知晓情况。
于2004年4月至5月进行了一项横断面研究，以研究1144名医院医护人员职业接触BBF的发生率。
过去一年中，职业接触BBF的总发生率和每人每年的平均接触次数分别为66.3/100医护人员/年和7.5次/人/年。经皮损伤（PCI）、黏膜暴露（MME）和皮肤破损暴露于BBF的发生率（每100医护人员/年）和每人每年的平均接触次数分别为50.3和1.8；34.4和1.7；37.9和4.0。PCI发生率最高且平均接触次数最多的是产房（82.6和1.8）。前两周发生的PCI中，手术期间发生的比例最高（22.8%）。在所有锐器中，缝合针在过去两周内导致医护人员发生PCI的比例最高（24.7%）。超过三分之二（68.3%）的受访者接种了乙肝疫苗；不到一半（47%）的医护人员在为患者进行操作时戴手套。受访者对血源性病原体传播和通用预防措施缺乏了解。
医护人员潜在接触BBF的风险似乎很高，且几乎所有接触事件均未报告。迫切需要制定医护人员职业暴露于血源性病原体的预防与控制指南。《美国工业医学杂志》52:89 - 98，2009年。（c）2008威利 - 利斯公司。
