Palmer T A
Child and Adolescent Inpatient Services, UMDNJ-Community Mental Health Center, Piscataway.
Nurse Pract. 1990 Apr;15(4):12-18, 21.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are eating disorders characterized by gross disturbances in eating behavior. Recently these disorders have reached near-epidemic proportions, affecting approximately 1.2 million adolescent and young adult females in the United States. The incidence in males is considerably less, and the prevalence rate has remained fixed at 5 percent during the last five years. The estimates of mortality range between 1 and 15 percent and are equally divided between medical complications (electrolyte disturbance, acute kidney failure, cardiac complications) and suicide. Successful treatment requires a combination of aggressive medical management, psychotherapy, behavioral management, food-intake management and nutritional counseling. This requires health care providers to understand 1) the psychological ramifications of these disorders, 2) the types of depression associated with them, 3) antidepressants used and therapeutic dosages, 4) correction of nutritional deficiencies, 5) outpatient management and 6) indications for hospitalization (inpatient management).
神经性厌食症和神经性贪食症是饮食失调症，其特征是饮食行为严重紊乱。最近，这些疾病已接近流行程度，在美国影响了约120万青春期和年轻成年女性。男性的发病率要低得多，并且在过去五年中患病率一直固定在5%。死亡率估计在1%至15%之间，且在医学并发症（电解质紊乱、急性肾衰竭、心脏并发症）和自杀之间平均分配。成功的治疗需要积极的医疗管理、心理治疗、行为管理、食物摄入管理和营养咨询相结合。这要求医疗保健提供者了解：1）这些疾病的心理影响；2）与之相关的抑郁症类型；3）使用的抗抑郁药和治疗剂量；4）营养缺乏的纠正；5）门诊管理；6）住院治疗指征（住院管理）。
