Schernthaner Anita, Lendl Christine E, Hartmann Katrin, Pragst Ingo, Preissel Anne-Kathrin, Henke Julia
Centre of Preclinical Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2011 Sep;38(5):439-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00635.x.
To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects and plasma concentrations of medetomidine-midazolam-ketamine (MMK) combinations administered by intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injection in sable ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).
Prospective randomized experimental study.
Eighteen adult ferrets: weight median 1.19 (range 0.81-1.60) kg.
Animals were allocated to one of three groups: group IM07 received 20 μg kg(-1) medetomidine, 0.5 mg kg(-1) midazolam and 7 mg kg(-1) ketamine IM; group IM10 20 μg kg(-1) medetomidine, 0.5 mg kg(-1) midazolam and 10 mg kg(-1) ketamine IM; and group SC10 20 μg kg(-1) medetomidine, 0.5 mg kg(-1) midazolam and 10 mg kg(-1) ketamine SC. Following instrumentation, cardiorespiratory parameters and plasma drug concentrations were measured every 5 minutes (T5-T30) for 30 minutes Ferrets were then euthanased. Data were analysed using anova for repeated measures. p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results are mean ± SD. Induction of anaesthesia (minutes) in IM07 and IM10 [2 (1)] was significantly faster than in SC10 [5 (2)]. All groups demonstrated the following: results given as groups IM07, IM10 and SC10 respectively. Mean arterial blood pressures (mmHg) were initially high [186 (13); 174 (33) and 174 (9) at T5] but decreased steadily. Pulse rates were initially 202 (20), 213 (17) and 207 (33) beats minute(-1) , decreasing with time. PaO(2) (mmHg) was low [54.0 (8), 47.7 (10) and 38.5 (1)] at T5, although in groups IM07 and IM10 it increased over time. Plasma concentrations of all drugs were highest at T5 (36, 794 and 8264 nmol L(-1) for medetomidine, midazolam and ketamine, respectively) and decreased thereafter: for both midazolam and ketamine, concentrations in IM07 and IM10 were higher than SC10.
MMK combinations containing either 7 or 10 mg kg(-1) ketamine and given IM are suitable combinations for anaesthetising ferrets, although the observed degree of hypoxaemia indicates that oxygen administration is vital.
评估肌肉注射（IM）或皮下注射（SC）美托咪定 - 咪达唑仑 - 氯胺酮（MMK）组合对黑足雪貂（鼬属臭鼬）的心肺效应及血浆浓度。
前瞻性随机实验研究。
18只成年雪貂，体重中位数为1.19（范围0.81 - 1.60）千克。
将动物分为三组之一：IM07组肌肉注射20μg/kg美托咪定、0.5mg/kg咪达唑仑和7mg/kg氯胺酮；IM10组肌肉注射20μg/kg美托咪定、0.5mg/kg咪达唑仑和10mg/kg氯胺酮；SC10组皮下注射20μg/kg美托咪定、0.5mg/kg咪达唑仑和10mg/kg氯胺酮。仪器安装后，每隔5分钟（T5 - T30）测量30分钟的心肺参数和血浆药物浓度，然后对雪貂实施安乐死。数据采用重复测量方差分析进行分析。p<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果以平均值±标准差表示。IM07组和IM10组的麻醉诱导时间（分钟）[2（1）]明显快于SC10组[5（2）]。所有组均表现如下：结果分别以IM07组、IM10组和SC10组表示。平均动脉血压（mmHg）最初较高[T5时分别为186（13）、174（33）和174（9）]，但呈稳步下降。心率最初分别为202（20）、213（17）和207（33）次/分钟，随时间下降。T5时动脉血氧分压（mmHg）较低[分别为54.0（8）、47.7（10）和38.5（1）]，尽管IM07组和IM10组随时间有所升高。所有药物的血浆浓度在T5时最高（美托咪定、咪达唑仑和氯胺酮分别为36、794和8264nmol/L），此后下降：咪达唑仑和氯胺酮在IM07组和IM10组中的浓度高于SC10组。
含7mg/kg或10mg/kg氯胺酮的MMK组合肌肉注射是适合麻醉雪貂的组合，尽管观察到的低氧血症程度表明吸氧至关重要。
